New research suggests walnuts` ability to reduce cholesterol may only be one of the ways these nuts help to protect the heart.
A recent study published in the
Journal of Nutrition
included overweight men and menopausal women ranging in age from 30 to
65 with elevated cholesterol levels. Each participant was assigned to
one of the three diets: the average American diet (control diet), a
linoleic acid (LA) diet including one ounce of walnuts and a teaspoon
of walnut oil daily, and an alpha-linoleic acid diet (ALA), which added
a teaspoon of flaxseed oil (another source of ALA) to the linoleic
diet.
Both diets including walnuts resulted in positive
effects on the particpants health, with the ALA diet providing the most
benefit. In addition to lowering LDL cholesterol, the walnut-rich ALA
diet:

Reduced levels of C-reactive protein--a marker of inflammation strongly associated with atherosclerosis and heart disease

Increased levels of protective omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Decreased levels of factors involved with cholesterol`s ability to adhere to the lining of the arteries
Zhao G, Etherton TD, Martin KR, West SG, Gillies PJ, Kris-Etherton PM. Dietary alpha-Linolenic Acid Reduces Inflammatory and Lipid Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypercholesterolemic Men and Women. J Nutr. 2004 Nov;134(11):2991-2997.